142 143 THE CLASS STRUGGLE fic is aggravated by delays incident to unloading coal trucks and picking up fallen horses.
Real estate used as coal yards is wasted. If coal in cities were used for heating only and for eking out hydro electric power, great areas of water front could be set free for be...

THE LAND QUESTION 145 144 THE CLASS STRUGGLE land, or from exploitation by the agrarian nobility, there being none such in Siberia or in Central Asiatic Russia, or at least only in spots.
In view of what has just been said, it is necessary, in a discussion of the Russian Agrarian Question, to con...

THE LAND QUESTION 147 146 THE CLASS STRUGGLE the Czar Government in 1882, with the object of aiding the peasants in the acquisition of land, and thus to avoid the impending agrarian revolution. Up to 1917 the peasants had in this manner purchased about 32, 000, 000 rubles worth of land, chiefly f...

148 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 149 enabled to lead the wasteful, brilliant, empty life of a landed aristocracy.
of the peasants to wipe out the great system of landholding agriculture, were the motive forces of the Russian agrarian movement. The latter aimed at increasing the holdings o...

150 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 151 The state lands or government lands of the 50 governments of European Russia alone, are 138, 000, 000 dessyatins in area; the cabinet lands in all of Russia, 68, 000, 000; the appanage lanuis about 8, 000, 000; church lands about 2, 000, 000; the monas...

152 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 153 political parties that constitute the present political strength of the Russian Revolution. The demands of their agrarian programs, in part or in whole, are contained in the decisions of the Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Delegates, the Soviets of Pea...

154 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 135 Such was the general program of the Russian Social Democracy up to the Revolution, although the left wing, with a Bolshevist tendency, and with Lenin at its head, promulgated in principle the complete nationalization of all privately owned land, even t...

156 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 157 istic as to renounce their own private property in land. forcible nationalization of their lands might even deprive the Revolution of their support.
Nor would it be correct, on the part of the Social Revolutionaries, to consider the transfer of private...

158 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 159 will assure the success of a complete and thoroughgoing Revolution.
Let us now take up the question: What changes in the agricultural conditions of Russia have already been carried out by the Russian Revolution, and what changes are still to be wrought...

161 160 THE CLASS STRUGGLE Forming a War Psychosis also use the nobles forests and pastures, and mow the nobles meadows. But together with this enormous expansion of the peasant farm area for cultivation, there will loom up before the Russian revolutionary democracy the question of increasing thę...

162 THE CLASS STRUGGLE FORMING WAR PSYCHOSIS 163 But the crown and head of creation has an intellect. It can function socially. Essentially reason cannot harbor contradictions. In a mathematical or geometric problem reason is at its best. In these domains its non contradictory nature is manifest....

164 THE CLASS STRUGGLE FORMING WAR PSYCHOSIS 165 its novel psychosis. Prof. Small in the September Journal of Sociology arrives at the same conclusion that the methods and aims of America in the World War are not selfish. Did not Wilson himself urge the people to fight without malice?
Yet if the ...

166 167 THE CLASS STRUGGLE FORMING WAR PSYCHOSIS which the most skeptical cannot but yield to. Sinking of hospital ships, etc. effectively put the brakes on rational interference with action. Some of the most famous Socialists, with full knowledge of Parasitic control and action, have succumbed. ...

168 THE CLASS STRUGGLE FORMING WAR PSYCHOSIS 169 they would dominate the world. Socialism to affect the feelings of solidarity, the instincts of class and self preservation against Parasitic encroachments appeals to the higher centres which in the face of stimuli directly affecting the lower stan...

170 THE CLASS STRUGGLE 171 The Future of the Russian Revolution By SANTERI NUORTEVA Representative in the United States of the Provisional Government of the Peoples Republic of Finland The most recent innovation along psychologic lines is the attempt to capture not only the masses of one nation t...

172 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE FUTURE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 173 Some socialists say it was an error on the part of the Bolsheviki deliberately to pursue a policy which alienated the Allies from Russia. It was wrong, they say, deliberately to pursue a policy which alienated from the Soviets not on...

174 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE FUTURE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 175 cohesive power of the autocratic forces was eliminated from the social structure of Russia. This very thing would likely happen in any other country in which the fetish of government authority would be destroyed in one way or another...

THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE FUTURE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 177 176 socialists never will be able to wipe off their face the brandmark of deliberate traitorship toward Russia. Even the independent socialists, although we fully realize the limits of their possibility of action, cannot be fully release...

178 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE FUTURE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 179 hit the hide of the people themselves. It must be conclusively proven, that the victorious war was an illusion only. revolution needs a material impetus. It might be said that the sense of justice of human beings is easier awakened b...

180 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE FUTURE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 181 The German Socialists are to blame for their attitude toward the Russian revolution. But the allied Socialists cannot escape blame either. Responsible officials of the International labor movement as Huysmans, Vandervelde, Branting, ...

182 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE FUTURE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 183 Russia between the two contending imperialistic camps, and thus on their part do their share in subduing the power of the Russian labor movement.
Let me then say, here and now, that the German imperialists never will control Russia. ...

184 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE FUTURE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 185 in other form. Any military forces sent into Russia to do the dirty work of German imperialism, cannot be kept immune from the virus of Russian Socialist propaganda and influence. The work done during one year of the revolution canno...

186 THE TRAGEDY 187 Hardly four months have passed since those lines were written and our worst fears have already been fulfilled, making what may have then seemed to many unwarrantedly gloomy forebodings, a rather mild and reserved statement of an appalling situation. In these four months Russia...

188 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE TRAGEDY 189 Russian Revolution. But they ought to know that their hopes of national independence are intimately bound up with the Russian Revolution that the only way in which they can secure their independence is by their standing by Russia and not by their separating ...

190 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE TRAGEDY 191 need no instruction. Unlike the Scheidemanns in Germany and out of Germany, Trotzky could never bring himself to believe that the German ruling class could ever be reformed. Trotzky went to Brest Litovsk in the hope that his extraordinary step, and inevitabl...