THE TWILIGHT OF LEADERSHIP 407 406 THE CLASS STRUGGLE in the form of religion does not yet profess it in the form of the state, for it still takes a religious attitude toward religion, that is, it is not the real fulfillment of the human basis of religion, because it still hinges upon immorality,...

404 THE CLASS STRUGGLE CONCERNING THE JEWISH QUESTION 405 isting between the bourgeois and the citizen, between the member of bourgeois society and his political lion skin.
This contradiction of secular life to which the Jewish question eventually reduces itself, the relation of the political sta...

402 THE CLASS STRUGGLE CONCERNING THE JEWISH QUESTION 403 dom of men. Just as Christ is the mediator upon whom men impose the whole burden of their religious prepossession, so the state is the mediator that is made to bear all their irreligion, all their human freedom from bias, The political exa...

400 401 THE CLASS STRUGGLE CONCERNING THE JEWISH QUESTION man.
its peculiarity. The criticism of this relation ceases to be theological criticism as soon as the state ceases to take a theological attitude toward religion, as soon as it assumes the attitude of the state, that is, a political attit...

CONCERNING THE JEWISH QUESTION 399 398 THE CLASS STRUGGLE lege, and because this restraint in life reacts upon the law, compelling it to sanction the discrimination between the oppressed and an oppressing class of citizens, who, as such are presumably all free. 65. When, then, would the Jewish qu...

396 THE CLASS STRUGGLE CONCERNING THE JEWISH QUESTION 397 The Christian state can be related to the Jew only in the manner of the Christian state, that is, in the manner of privilege, permitting the segregation of the Jew from the remaining subjects, but at the same time making him feel the press...

394 THE CLASS STRUGGLE 395 Concerning the Jewish Question Two Reviews by KARL MARX The Jewish Question. By Bruno Bauer, Braunschweig, 1843. The Capability of present day Jews and Christians to become free. Twenty one leaflets from Switzerland. Edited by George Herwegh. Zurich and Winterthur, 1843...

392 THE CLASS STRUGGLE CONVENTION IMPRESSIONS 393 Convention, our convention is absolutely bound by the joint call. Up to the assembling of the Conference, no one had thought of forming a new party. And yet the Michigan Federation crowd made a continuous persistent effort to stampede the conventi...

390 THE CLASS STRUGGLE 391 CONVENTION IMPRESSIONS Socialists to watch for and extirpate all efforts at counter revolution.
This use of and co operation with the police is a notable instance of socialist participation in the class struggle. But under which flag? The dozens of handsome, expensive f...

388 THE CLASS STRUGGLE CONVENTION IMPRESSIONS 389 In the four years of imperialistic mass murder blood has flown in rivers. Now every drop of that precious fluid must be preserved, with veneration, in crystal vessels. Unfettered revolutionary energy and big hearted humanity these alone are the br...

THE CLASS STRUGGLE OH! HOW GERMAN IS THIS REVOLUTION 386 387 consideration by those who mean to overcome the revolution in Russia and Germany by armies.
When a hundred million peasants in Russia are convinced that the Russian territory belong to them, then no army is strong enough to take this co...

384 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE INVINCIBLE POWER 385 are acquainted with the causes that drove them to a revolt.
The lust for freedom and the conviction that the gifts of nature and the results of labor belong to the people and not to a few self crowned individuals pierced very deeply the hearts and s...

382 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE INVINCIBLE POWER 383 Government, that is, such an apparatus in which the head executives are persons directly elected by the Soviets of Workers Peasants and Soldiers Deputies, there can be no contradiction between the executive power and the masses of the workers, just ...

380 THE CLASS STRUGGLE WORK, DISCIPLINE, AND ORDER 381 tent represents the weak spot in our party life. It is the question of the employment of military specialists, or to speak plainly, the former officers and commanders, for the creation of the army and the administration of the army. At presen...

378 THE CLASS STRUGGLE WORK, DISCIPLINE, AND ORDER 379 Why? Because if we do not go through with it, it will mean that we are beaten, and this fact would be entered in the books of history of the proletariat on the debit side. We understand as a matter of course that eventually the proletariat wi...

376 THE CLASS STRUGGLE WORK, DISCIPLINE, AND ORDER 377 place hunters, intriguers, former failures and derelicts, who under the old regime of yesterday were without employment.
When suddenly necessity arose for the employment of tens of thousands of new specialized workers, it is no wonder that ma...

THE CLASS STRUGGLE WORK, DISCIPLINE, AND ORDER 374 375 point specialists and technicians, place them in responsible positions, and simply let them bear the responsibility.
Those who are afraid of this proceedure unconsciously reveal a deep inner distrust of the Soviet rule. Those who believe that...

372 THE CLASS STRUGGLE WORK, DISCIPLINE, AND ORDER 373 upon the working class in all of history, rise equal to its historical task?
The difficulties that face us can be divided into two great categories, difficulties of an objective nature and difficulties of a subjective nature.
The difficulties...

370 THE CLASS STRUGGLE WORK, DISCIPLINE, AND ORDER 371 All these elements revolted after the conquest of power by the working class. From the point of view of Socialistic theory this revolt could not possibly come to any of us as a surprise.
Marx wrote apropos of the Paris Commune that the workin...

368 THE CLASS STRUGGLE WORK, DISCIPLINE, AND ORDER 369 possessed certain formal advantages over the solder peasant mass in their ability to express their thoughts more or less articulately, their knowledge of reading and writing, and the like.
For this reason the cadres of the compromise parties ...

WORK, DISCIPLINE, AND ORDER 367 366 THE CLASS STRUGGLE Work, Discipline, and Order to Save the Socialist Soviet Republic An Address by Leon Trotzky at the City Conference of the Russian Communist Party in Moscow, March 28th, 1918.
Comrades: The conference has met in a moment of profound internal ...

364 THE CLASS STRUGGLE TWO YEARS OF SOVIET RUSSIA 365 mountable difficulties, it has established a system of schools that reaches out to the most forsaken village in the land.
Threatened by foes on every hand, on the verge of annihilation from day to day, face to face with the stupendous task of ...

TWO YEARS OF SOVIET RUSSIA 363 362 THE CLASS STRUGGLE ried out seemed to the people to indicate that the energies of the Government were turning principally to internal reforms. The wishes of the people were studied, not only in broad principles, but in details. For the purpose of enabling the wo...

360 THE CLASS STRUGGLE TWO YEARS OF SOVIET RUSSIA 301 to be carrying everything before it, today seems as far from having accomplished his purpose as when he began. Already he too is being discreetly retired into more unostentatious corners of our metropolitan press. Even the Times is constrained...

358 THE CLASS STRUGGLE TWO YEARS OF SOVIET RUSSIA 359 for the continued occupation of the Baltic provinces by German forces under Von der Goltz, the murderer of the Finnish revolution. In spite of the continued protests of the Communists and the Independent Social Democrats of Germany large milit...