128 THE CLASS STRUGGLE Political Parties in Russia By Nicholas Lenine Reprinted from THE CLASS STRUGGLB Price, Cents participation would. force a better, more democratic and more durable peace you would favor America entry into the war. Now, it must be clear to you at least it is clear to me that...

A NECESSARY BOOK SOCIALISM AND WAR By LOUIS BOUDIN scholarly discussion of the causes of the Great War, and a splendid discussion of the economic basis of Imperialism.
It has everywhere been hailed as fine contribution to Socialiat thought, by such men as Eugene Debs, Austin Lewis and Joshua Wanh...

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STANGGLE Devoted to International Socialism Vol. II MARCH APRIL, 1918 No. The Future of the Russian Revolution By SANTERI NUORTEVA Selfdetermination of Nations and Selfdefense By KARL LIEBKNECHT Changing Labor Conditions in Wartime By FLORENCE KELLEY The State in Russia Old and New By LE...

THE CLAJ STRUGGLE THE CLASS STRUGGLE Vol. II MARCH APRIL, 1918 No. Devoted to International Socialism Published by The Socialist Publication Society, 119 Lafayette St N. City Lasued Every Two Months 25 a Copy; 50 a Year Editors: LOUIS BOUDIN, LOUIS FRAINA, LUDWIG LORB CONTENTS Page VOL. II MARCH ...

THE CLASS STRUGGLE CHANGING LABOR CONDITIONS 130 131 Six months after hostilities opened however, unemployment diminished, and the Allies contracts and the social results thereof began to grow clearly visible. To fill the void in the labor market created by the cessation of immigration and by the...

132 THE CLASS STRUGGLE CHANGING LABOR CONDITIONS 133 tions for new school buildings ceased. few old buildings were remodeled or were enlarged, but the attempt to give every child a school seat was openly abandoned for the first time since New York City adopted public schools. The theory was promu...

CHANGING LABOR CONDITIONS 135 134 THE CLASS STRUGGLE ise of the school officials, that the law would be passed, and the boys given school credit for the school work of the whole term. If the bill were not made law these boys would be placed in a most unfair position. This premature dismissal of b...

CHANGING LABOR CONDITIONS 137 136 THE CLASS STRUGGLE On this subject the powers of the legislatures depend utterly upon the interpretation by the court of the idea expressed in the words health and welfare. and upon the skill, with which the argument is presented to the court that the statute inv...

THE CLASS STRUGGLE CHANGING LABOR CONDITIONS 138 139 eyes. Here is one opportunity to save for the public one of our extensive and precious resources in wartime.
One single example among thousands illustrates what the fuel shortage has meant to city workers. In January, 1918, a visiting nurse in ...

140 THE CLASS STRUGGLE CHANGING LABOR CONDITIONS 141 While there are areas in which by reason of climate and location people have hitherto suffered little in any conscious way from these forms of waste, unconsciously they, like all the world have paid in the price of the goods they consume, accep...

142 143 THE CLASS STRUGGLE fic is aggravated by delays incident to unloading coal trucks and picking up fallen horses.
Real estate used as coal yards is wasted. If coal in cities were used for heating only and for eking out hydro electric power, great areas of water front could be set free for be...

THE LAND QUESTION 145 144 THE CLASS STRUGGLE land, or from exploitation by the agrarian nobility, there being none such in Siberia or in Central Asiatic Russia, or at least only in spots.
In view of what has just been said, it is necessary, in a discussion of the Russian Agrarian Question, to con...

THE LAND QUESTION 147 146 THE CLASS STRUGGLE the Czar Government in 1882, with the object of aiding the peasants in the acquisition of land, and thus to avoid the impending agrarian revolution. Up to 1917 the peasants had in this manner purchased about 32, 000, 000 rubles worth of land, chiefly f...

148 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 149 enabled to lead the wasteful, brilliant, empty life of a landed aristocracy.
of the peasants to wipe out the great system of landholding agriculture, were the motive forces of the Russian agrarian movement. The latter aimed at increasing the holdings o...

150 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 151 The state lands or government lands of the 50 governments of European Russia alone, are 138, 000, 000 dessyatins in area; the cabinet lands in all of Russia, 68, 000, 000; the appanage lanuis about 8, 000, 000; church lands about 2, 000, 000; the monas...

152 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 153 political parties that constitute the present political strength of the Russian Revolution. The demands of their agrarian programs, in part or in whole, are contained in the decisions of the Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Delegates, the Soviets of Pea...

154 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 135 Such was the general program of the Russian Social Democracy up to the Revolution, although the left wing, with a Bolshevist tendency, and with Lenin at its head, promulgated in principle the complete nationalization of all privately owned land, even t...

156 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 157 istic as to renounce their own private property in land. forcible nationalization of their lands might even deprive the Revolution of their support.
Nor would it be correct, on the part of the Social Revolutionaries, to consider the transfer of private...

158 THE CLASS STRUGGLE THE LAND QUESTION 159 will assure the success of a complete and thoroughgoing Revolution.
Let us now take up the question: What changes in the agricultural conditions of Russia have already been carried out by the Russian Revolution, and what changes are still to be wrought...

161 160 THE CLASS STRUGGLE Forming a War Psychosis also use the nobles forests and pastures, and mow the nobles meadows. But together with this enormous expansion of the peasant farm area for cultivation, there will loom up before the Russian revolutionary democracy the question of increasing thę...

162 THE CLASS STRUGGLE FORMING WAR PSYCHOSIS 163 But the crown and head of creation has an intellect. It can function socially. Essentially reason cannot harbor contradictions. In a mathematical or geometric problem reason is at its best. In these domains its non contradictory nature is manifest....

164 THE CLASS STRUGGLE FORMING WAR PSYCHOSIS 165 its novel psychosis. Prof. Small in the September Journal of Sociology arrives at the same conclusion that the methods and aims of America in the World War are not selfish. Did not Wilson himself urge the people to fight without malice?
Yet if the ...

166 167 THE CLASS STRUGGLE FORMING WAR PSYCHOSIS which the most skeptical cannot but yield to. Sinking of hospital ships, etc. effectively put the brakes on rational interference with action. Some of the most famous Socialists, with full knowledge of Parasitic control and action, have succumbed. ...

168 THE CLASS STRUGGLE FORMING WAR PSYCHOSIS 169 they would dominate the world. Socialism to affect the feelings of solidarity, the instincts of class and self preservation against Parasitic encroachments appeals to the higher centres which in the face of stimuli directly affecting the lower stan...

170 THE CLASS STRUGGLE 171 The Future of the Russian Revolution By SANTERI NUORTEVA Representative in the United States of the Provisional Government of the Peoples Republic of Finland The most recent innovation along psychologic lines is the attempt to capture not only the masses of one nation t...