SATURDAY, MAY 9, 1936 NEW MILITANT PM: The New Constitution of the BY LEON TROTSKY Democracy Without Politics years Tasks of the Vanguard The Whip Against the Bureaucracy CABE en el punt de biological condiments esporting on promotion og foreldre merece The Historical Meaning of the New eaucratic demoralization that broke the situation has become infinitely Socialism has already come, and centration camps. Stalin is the in city workers. To smother the proout into the open, The most char worse. Stalin autocratic rule has the fertile soil for political parties disputable leader of the bureau test of the workers against the (Continued from Pape 1)
acteristic and most dangerous feat erected nepotism, self will, proflis has disappeared, there would be no cracy and of the labor aristocracy, growing social inequality by the course be strong and consistent in sharpness of the antagonism be is the passivity of the masses, tem of administration. The decay of need to prohibit them.
the struggle against terrorists and tween the bureaucracy and the wide among the Communists even more the apparatus, cropping out at ev. only remain, in accordance with worship of the leader emanates chlet alm of the new constitution, It would with these strata. sincere masses of the village this is the Rrgo: Sovlet powere without masses of the people, especially, the thara among the nonparty men, roery step, has begun to threaten the the program, to abolish any re only from these circles. Such is about which neither Stalin nor MolSoviets. proletarian dictatorship younger generation. Terrorism is ward the manifestations of unheard very existence of the state as the strictlons whatsoever upon liberty. the essence of the present political otov naturally have communicated self will, of which the workers source of power, income and privi But the bureaucracy will not allow system of the anything to the world. Bonapartaddition to that, a dictatorship not partism. Each individual burenu fear of those who wield power, or form became necessary. Taking constitution. The internal talseness Stalin is compelled from time to the village as against the city. In against the bourgeoisle, but against crat is afraid of the terror; but the simply out of political indifference, fright at their own handiwork the of the whole construction is all too time to side with the people as this, too, Stalin remains true to. terrorists and thieves. At all bureaucracy as a whole successfully they passed by without a protest, or summits of the Kremlin turn to the apparent!
events, the party program never exploits it for the justification of its contined themselves merely to population with a plea to help it against the bureaucracy, naturally, tradition forsaw such a type of state.
Molotov promise to do not in tov did not discover any gun have elapsed since that time, and paratus of administration.
political monopoly. Stalin and Mol rumbling. More than eight years cleanse and straighten out the ap on the part of his interlocutor 18 even compelled to seek for a Webbs failed to see any great airSeeking to dispel normal doubts with the latter silent consent. He Learned philistines 15ke the frequently without those extreme powder in this field either.
Stalin offered a new thought: Can whip from below against the abuses terence between Bolsbevism and measures which might prove unnec Worst of all, however, is the fact, didates will be put forward not said, this is one of the motives for turn, they have completely recog from above. As we have already Czarism prior to 1928, but, in reessary is not worth much, and is that it is absolutely impossible to only by the Communist Party but the constitutional reform. There is nized the democracy of Stalin self evident: but It loses all its val gather, either from the interviews ue alongside of the reference to the or from the commentaries, the social enemies of law and order, who are nature of the state for which the salutary whip the bureaucracy. egoistie interests of the privileged (of Soviet society. may have its the Soviets, dissolving the workers point of fact, Soviet Bonapartism Turning to the people for the metaphysics of unity but by the sunnixations And we have hundreds another and no less important mo regime. Small wonder: these people tive.
of these. Ench of these strata have all their lives been the ideo The new constitution abolishes logists of a labor bureaucracy. In precisely the ones that make it im new constitution is being prepared. however, lays down one ultimatis mersures. Whence, however, arise ially considered as the expression of itics. This holy function must re taitely tnore powerful, wealthy and through our numerous existing ortion. The Soviets, it is true, have democracy that bourgeois Bonapart possible to renounce emergency The Soviet system uhed to be offlctic condition: that there be no pol Cliques. Soviet bureaucracy is in special interests and express them in the general mass of the popula bears the same relation to Soviet these enemies of law and order, the dictatorship of the proletariat, main as hitherto the monopoly of self reliant than the labor bureau ganixations. Evidently. It is for bour these terrorists and thieves, and. But if the classes have been de thon le dere American fik testi. cutor y skilled workers in the Soviet constitution will be the most dem. the entert naves entre edhe te ontstas seois democracy. Both crite equal High this reason that the new Soviet long lost meaning politically. But ism or even Fascism bears bers as would justify the preserva fact the social basis of the dictator relative to other parties, Stalin reunion enjoy privileges unknown to ocratio constitution in the world. and with the awakening of the new world proletariat. Both will crash tion of dictatorship in a classless ship has likewise been destroyed. plied: Since there are notween Europe and America. This two ter than the rest. The most impor are to be feared the city Soviets, classes, the highest categories of labor in This plece of sophistry is no bet generation. Above all, of course, with its first victory.
assletance or molotov. At the dawn Obviously the population as a classes are being obliterated there which leans upon the labor aris the sustraits of the bureaucracy and green and exaeting ers. In versal and even secret suffrage. The of the Soviet power the terrorist whole. But when the entire people are no acts were perpretated by the secancipated from class contradiclines between classes (which do not tocracy is the ruler of the coun. lits middle and hethermost layers, the cities the contrast between lux democratie ritual of Bonapartim is or the still unfinished civil war. dictatorship, this imples nothing there remains online light but the political machine of a privil Workers, the middle Inyers of the Taey is to get rid of the Workers For or against the Leader? The trys the nothing than aristocracy run of The first care of the Soviet aristoc the question is put to the citizens: all their hopes, terrorism disaptatorship in the socialist society, tween various strata in socialist oged stratum. The Stalinist buleader, on his part, takes precaupeared as well. Kulak terror, traces and consequently the liquidation of society, and there can be no terreaucracy has something to lose kolkozes, the peasant proprietors, and Red Army Soviets.
the labor strata of workers and Despite the collectivization, the tions so that the voter is able to uw always locat in character, and invulnerable. The liquidation of the tending parties where there are is not inclined to share what lampenproletariat, the homeless, between the city and the village ple. Since the days of Napoleon peasants, and beyond them supplemented the partisan against the Soviet regime. This liquidation of the bureaucracy several parties, for a party is a quart intends to reserve the fertile soli the prostitutes and so on. As to has hardly been touched. The pea. III, who now appears as a prorin 18 not what Molotov has in mind. Does the new constitution, perhape the Soviet publie organizations santry is still very backward and clal ametante, this technique has of a class. Every word a misfor itself.
trade union, cooperative, cultural, atomized. Social antagonisms also attained an unprecedented develop The new terror does not lean upon imply at least the liquidation of the take, sometimes even two!
To be sure, the Bolshevik party sport, etc. they do not at all rep exist within the kolkhotes and be ment, as witness, say, the latest either the old ruling classes or the Should any one venture to kulak. The terrorists of recent express this idea in the According to Stalin, it seems that also he couple un monopoly position resent the interests of different tween the kolkhozes. The bureau spectacle by Goebbelk The new dividing lines between classes in the state during the first period strata because they all have one cracy finds it much easier to cope constitution is thus intended to 14are recruited exclusively the would immediately find of the Soviet era. However, to and the same hierarchie structure with dissatisfaction in the vil. quidate juridically the outworn Sov.
the ranks of the and of the classes have been destroyed, the every ven period only one party Identify these two phenomena is to Even in those cases, when the orlage. It is able to use the kolkhoz let regime, replacing it by Bon from among the Soviet youth, from convincing counter arguments. The are rigidly described, and that in party. While utterly impotent to Soviets are being abolished, the corresponds to each class. The mistake appearances for reality. ganizations are based upon the priv niks not without success against the partism on the plebiscitary basis During the years of civil war, un ileged circles, as for instance the solve those tasks which it sets it. class theory of society is reduced to Arxist doctrine of the class nader extremely difficult historical trade unions and cooperatives, the selt, individual terror is, however, dust, but the bureaucracy remains a ludicrous bureaucratic carica conditions, the party of the Bolshe active role in them is played ex.
ture of parties is transformed into Sem of the greatest symptomatic Impor. ture: political dynamics is entirely viks found itself compelled tempo clusively by the representatives of Drawing profounder conclusions ginning with their vanguard. The cess in the interests of adminis. because the latter lacked a fertile party the political organiza from Stalin, Molotov told the editor regeneration of the party of the trative order. In point of tact not soll. In that case it would not tion of the ruling stratum, has the of le Temps that the question of Bolsheviks in counterpolse to the We shall return later to the ques ple? The answer tion as to the extent to which the bureaucracy. The latter is pre throughout the entire extent of prbeliselyemeckute are the contrary, nonpolitical organizations in the tal question in the inas key to all other amenities and universal equal and direct suffrage paring to protect the tollers against polttient history of only one party preciely because fertile soll exlst electoral struggle will consequently much ax we are closely approach tasks corresponds to the alleged social itself by means of the secret corresponding to one class! Classesed this is what made them dan lead to nothing else than the rival ing the complete liquidation of.
equality of all citizens that has been ballot. Stalin made this admission are not homogeneous, they are tornerous. The party explained open Ty Ietween the different cliques of classes. What precision in ideas must be able to utilize the real por On the road towards a goal, one terminology 1981, sibilities which arise on every attained. But if we accept this pre openly. To the question, Why the by internal antagonisms, and they to the masses what it was doing the bureaucracy within the limits The ruling they lidated the last capitalist stage. Any Illusions about the Stalmise on faith, we become all the secret ballot his reply was ver arrive even at the solution of com that at stake was the defense of hummit calculates to learn in this class that of the kulaks, and in Inlst constitution would of course more perplexed by the following batim as follows: question: Why, if be the case, want to give the Soviet people con nal struggle of tendencies, group. the isolated revolution against manner some secrets hidden from it the year 1936 they are closely ap be useasonable. But it is equally Because we mon tasks only through an intermust the elections the classes. For better or for worse, an insignificant trifle. The bureaulace in the socialist country fear? Stalin that the Soviet people CRD party is a part of a cla. But social reality. the more shamelessly litical struggle to take place which the question of parties is not a cracy assumes the risk of a reform forth? Just whom does the popu. want to elect. Thus we learn from llmits it may be allowed that the the bureaucracy embellishes the at the mome time permitting a po it explolts it for its own benefit. It must inevitably be directed against tallone to Molotov. Entirely differ not at its own whim but out of ne Against whose attempts in partie not vote today for those they want inasmuch as a class has many facing forward, it be true that the kingdom of itself.
ent, however, are the views held countty. History tells of many ular Is it necessary to provide alto eleet. We are only getting parts. some upon this matter by those workers of a bureaucratie dictatorship rodefense? The child fear of dark ready to provide them with such an others backwards one and the who know that the bureaucracy sorting for its salvation to llberwhite suppressing the exploiting at reforms, and still further weaktion; but when grown up people who can give or refuse the freedom parties. For the self same reason, classes with hand, prepares for not express their opinions to vote? The stratum in whose name a single party can lean upon the ening itself. By laying bare BonaConstitution their rebirth with the other. For partism, the new constitution creopenly, their fear is political in Stalin speaks and acts: the bur parts of several classes these advanced workers the questes semi legal cover for the character. And for the Marxist, eaucracy. Stalin need only have Remarkably enough, this canIn the person of its most author Jority is so low that the ownership ent of the bureaucarey, is the most tween the bureaucratie ellques can tion of their own party, Independ struggle against it. The rivalry be politics is always a function of the added that his important admission dalous mistake of Stalin 19 absoclass struggle. In capitalist soet applies as much to the party as to lutely disinterested in character, tative leader, the bureaucracy again of bread and boots must be protect vital of all questions. Stalin and become the vent hole for a much ety the secret ballot is intended to the State, and that, in particular, for, you see, in relation to the demonstrates how little it undered by fringsgrade, there the Molotov understand this very well wider political struggle. The whip provide the terror of the exploiters General Secretary by means of a that no classes at all exists there, which determine its movement. Tamous mockery of human beings! months from the so called Com. ed into a whip against Bonapartstands those historical tendencies ment of socialism sound like an inindeed: not for nothing have they against the government instituagree to such a reform of course, members to elect those they destre part after the abolition of all Lerence between various strata in under the pressure of the masses. The phrase we want to give the classes? Carelessly straying into Soviet society is light but not in which the normal wants of the several tens of thousands of Bol degree of activity of the advanced In a truly homogeneous society, munist Party of the Soviet Union Ism. Everything depends upon the was because the bourgeoiste Spviet people is in itselt infinitely the field of theory. Stalin proves fundamental, he obviously has in citizens are satisfied without ran shevik Leninists, le, in reality, an elements of the working class.
Itselt was interested in protecting more important than all the con more than he intended. From his mind the fact that exclusive of the cour and brawls, not only Bona entire revolutionary party.
its state at least partially against stitutions Stalin his yet to write reasoning It follows not that there individual peasant proprietors, who partist absolutism. but bureaueraThe Bolshevik Leninists must the demoralizastion of its own for this brlet phrase is ready cannot be different parties in the are sufficiently numerous even to cy in general would be inconceivately put the question about fac twists and windings of the constiWhen the editor of le Temps po henceforth follow attentively all the making. But in the there constitution, and moreover, very but that there cannot be day to populate Czechoslovakia, all able. The bureaucracy is not atlons and their possible transforma tutional reform. painstakingly tak obviously cannot be any pressure of real, and not a myth.
even a single party. Where there other strate depend upon the technical but a social category tion into Independent parties, Mol. ing into consideration the expertthe exploiters upon the tollers.
As the European bourgeoisie mare no classes there can be no room Against whom, then, is it necessary its time, so the Soviet Bureaucracy for politics in general. Stalin, how Statided or collectivized means of Every single bureaucracy origin lotov replied, with the quick wit forence of the first coming elections.
production. This is beyond dis ates in and maintains itselt upon which he is so noted: In the party we must learn how to utilize the rlto protect the Soviet citizens by is compelled today to resort to the ever, makes Sracious exception means of the secret ballot?
secret ballot in order at least par from this law in the case of the pute. But a fundamental differ the heterogeneons nature of society. attenupts were made to create valry between the various public Under the old Soviet constitution, tinlly to purge its state apparatus party of which he is General Sec ence still remains between the col upon the antagonism of interests special factions. but is now organisations in the interests of lective, le group property in agri and the internal struggle. It reku several years since the situation in socialiem. We must learn how to the viva voce vote was introduced which it exploits as the rightful retary.
culture and the nationalized proper Tates the social antagonisms in the this respect has fundamentally engage in battles on the noll of the as a weapon in the hands of the re owner. from the corruption of its The history of the working class ty in industry: It can still make it interests of the privileged classes or changed and the Communist Party plebiscites as well. The bureaucracy volutionary cla urgeois own making Stalin was compelled reveals best of all the bankruptcyself felt in the future. We shall layers, and exacts an enormous is truly united. Best of all, he is afraid of the workers, we mnat and petty bourgeols enemles. The to give an inkling of this motive of the Stalinist theory of parties not, however, enter into a discus tribute for this from the tollers. might have added, this is proved unfold our work among them more restrictions in the franchise itselt. There are not a few Institutions in class is in its social strueture in considerably more immediate in the great revolution in the proper centration camps. However, the 11 sive scale. Bonapartlam is afraid audaciously and on a more extenNow, at the end of the second de our country which work badly. dubitably the least heterogeneous portance is the difference between ty relations, is being fulfilled with legal existence of an opposition of the youth, we must rally it to cade after the Revolution, no longer Secret suffrage in the win of all classes in capitalist society, the strata which is determined cynicism and not without success, Party is not non existence, but only the banner of Marx and Lenin.
the class enemies but the tollers be a whip in the hands of the pop the existence of such a stratum by their relation not to the means by the Soviet bureaucracy.
a. difficult fornr of existence. Ar. From the adventures of individual themselves are so frightened that ulation against the organs of gov. as the labor aristocracy and of production but to the articles of The latter raised itself on the rests may prove very effective terrorism, the method of those who shield of secrecy. This touches second noteworthy ndmisston: After it tends to the creation of reformist tribution 18, of course, only a su tween the kulak and the Nepman, is departing from the historical vanguard of the young peneration they cannot vote except under the ernment which work badlyclabor bureaucracx bound up with consumption. The sphere of dis NEP, explolting the antagonism be against the parties of a class that are desperate we must Yead the precisely the masses of the people, the bureaucracy has created with parties, which inevitably turn into perstructure in relation to the on the one hand, and the workers stage: the revolutionary dictator onto the broad road of the world the overwhelming majority, for it is its own hands the socialist society, one of the instruments of bourgeois to the sphere of production. How. and peasants, on the other. When ship of the years 1917 1923 has revolution. It is necessary to train impossible to allow that secret it feels the need. of a whip rule. It matters nothing from the ever, it is precisely the sphere of the kulak, grown strong, raised his proved this fully. But the arrests new Bolshevik cadres which will ballot is being specialy introduced not only because the organs of gov: standpolnt of Stalinist sociology distribution that is of decisive im. hand against the bureaucracy taimed against the revolutionary come to replace the decaying bufor the convenience of the counter ernment work badly but above all whether the difference between the portance in the everyday life of the self, the latter, in the interests of vanguard will not save the outlived reaucratic regime.
revolutionary minority!
because they are corroded through labor aristocracy and the proleta people. From the standpoint of the self defense, was compelled to lenn bureaucracy, which according to its April 18, 1936.
But who is terrorizing the peo and throngh with the vices of unrlan mass is fundamental or only ownership the means of produc directly upon the nethermost rank own admission requtres a whip.
controlled cliques. slight. but it was precisely by tion, the difference between a Mar and file. The As far back as 1928. Rakovsky reason of this difference that the shall and a street cleaner, between weakest of all during the years of lege that socialism has been realbureaucracy was It is a lie and a triple lle to alLUMEN CLUB WORKERS wrote the following with regard to necessity to create the Third in the head of a trust and an unskilled the struggle against the kulak ized in the The flowering CAMP EXOURSION a number of horrible cases of bur ternational arose in its time. On laborer, between the son of a peoProtect Yourselves Against the the other hand, it is indubitable ples Commissar and homeless reason, it set with great seal to the that socialism is still far removed. 1920 1982. Precisely for this of bureaucratism is barbaric proof Sunday, May 10, 10:15 AM Hazards of Life. Join the the structure of Soviet society wait is not fundamental. But formation of a labor and kolkhon so long as the productivity of labor Starting out from the Bus PAUL LUTTINGER, WORKMENS SICK DEATH is infinitely more heterogeneous and some occupy lordly apartments, en: aristocracy: instituting a shocking in the in several times beTerminal at 181 St. and AmsterDANIEL LUTTINGER, MLD.
BENEFIT FUND OF THE complex than that of the proleta joy several dachas (summer homes aifference in wage scales, premt low that of the advanced capitalist dam Ave. The bus will take you Washington Square North to Riverdale, You will 1884 1935 very reason, it can provide a suf have the best automobiles at their sures which are called forth one not emerged from want; so long as countries; so long as the people has 2 and Ercept Sundays have a good time and see the Organized, managed by and for location of your coming summer and Holiday clently fertile soll for several par disposal, and have long forgotten third by economic necessity, and a cruel struggle continues to be vacation.
workers with only one purpose: ties.
to render protection to members Lunch will be served at the Stalln is interested, as a matter others not infrequently live in of the bureaucracy. Upon this new so long as the individualistie bur: and their families, and to map NEW MILITANT of fact, not in the sociology of wooden barracks, without any war and ever deepening social antagon eaucracy can thrum with impunity camp.
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for the improvement of tollers, with which is merged THE MILITANT bureaucracy. These are two entire starved existence, and do not clean About 60, 000 members Organrestoration retain its full force. At APRIL ISSUE OF THE ized in 360 branches. Reserved Published weekly by the New min different things. Every labor their own boots only because they beliebto its present Bonapartist song with the changer sons Justama In a country in which the lava the present time with the growth NEW INTERNATIONAL 3, 400, 000.
not wield state power, inelines to this difference seems to be only of revolution has not yet cooled, of inequality on the basis of ecoN.
fertile slight e. one that does not mer the privileged are often very much nomie successes, the dancer has Articles by Trptaky, Sidney Death benefit graded accord Entered as second class mall matter the view that there is Ing to age at entry. Sick benant at the Post Once at New Tort Nsoll in the working class for the It attention. To the unskilled laboratraid of their own privileges, es even been increased. In this and in Hook and many others. At opposition. The leaders of the er it appears, not without reason, pecially against the background of this alone iles the justification for dism by George Soule, editor of payments from 225 to 901 to under the act of March 3, 1870 to be fundamental.
men and women, necording to British Labour Party drive the rev general want. The topmost Soviet the need of state power. But the the Now Republic, and reply JAMBS CANNON: Hier cle olutionists out of the trade unions In addition to the terrorists, ac strata stand in dread of the masses, bureaucratically degenerated state by George Novack. WIN Roone Monthly assessments from 450 Subscription rates: In the United on the grounds that there is no cording to Molotov, the object of with a fear that is purely bone has itself become the chiet danger vekt be Re docted by Joka States 00 per year: pers room for the struggle between par. the dictatorship in the is cools. Stalin supplies the growing to the socialist future. The inequal. West: What Is this Boston to 10.
menthe: Canada and forelen 150 tles within the framework of the thiet. But the very abundance privileges of the ruling stratum ity can be reduced to its econom Revival by Arne gwaboek: and For further information apply per year: 00 six months Bande united working class. Messrs. of people of such a profession is a with a theoretical justification by ically inevitable limits at the given much other material.
to Main Omce: rates: Two cento per copy Vandervelde, Leon Blum, Joubaux trne sign manual of the want that means of the Comintern, and he de stage, and a road can be cut to so Order from The New Interna 714 Benen Ave, Brooklyn, SATURDAY, MAY 9, 1936 etc. act in a similar manner. Their relgns in society. Where the mater tends the Soviet aristocracy against cialist equality only by the active tonal, 100 Fifth Avenue, New VOL 2, No. 18 (Whole No. 70) conduct is dictated not by the tal level of the overwhelming ma dissatisfaction by means of con political control of the tollers, be York, dare