To the Chinese and World Communists Perspectives and Tasks of the Chinese Revolution party (Continued from Page 1)
counts in its ranks only a few thousand power The awakening of the proletariat truth that their bourgeoisie can not, and after a number of months began to introworkers. In the Red trade unions accord might in its first steps assume the charac duce the civil war into the peasantry. In does not want to, and never will fight either ing to the data of the Party itsell, there ter of partial economic and political, de China every peasant uprising is from its against the so called feudalism inco are about 60, 000 workers. In the months fensive and offensive fights. How long very first step, a civil war of the poor the latter constitutes the most important of the revolutionary rise there were about time would it take the proletariat. and espart of its own system of exploitation or against the kulaks, e. against the village 3, 000, 000 of them.
pecially the Communist vanguard, to grow bourgeoisie.
against that imperialism, of which it is an The counter revolution lett its mark up to the role of the leaders of a revoagent and under whose military protection The middle peasantry in China is indirectly and much more ruthlessly on the tionary nation? At any rate more than It operates.
significant. Almost 80 percent of the peaworkers than on the peasants. The work weeks and months. The command of burAs soon as it became evident that the gants are poor. They, and they only, play ers in China are not numerous and are eaucratic leaders can not replace the inChinese proletariat, in apite of all the the revolutionary role. The question is not concentrated in the industrial centers. The dependent growth of a class and of its obstructions offered by the Comintern was of uniting the workers with the peasantry as peasants are protected to a certain degree eager to get on its own independent revoa whole but with the village poor. They by their numbers and their diffusion over The Chinese Communists need at pre have a common enemy: the bourgeoisie.
lutionary road, the bourgeoisie, with the Vast spaces. The revolutionary years sent a policy of far alm. Their task con No one but the proletariat can lead the help of the foreign imperialists, demolished trained up in the country quite a few local sists not in scattering their forces among the workers, beginning at Shanghai.
poor peasants to victory. Their mutual AS leaders, and the counter revolution did not the isolated fires of the peasant revolt.
soon as it was clear that the friendship victory can lead to no other regime but succeed in exterminating them all. Small in its number and weak, the Party Only with Moscow was not able to paralyze the the dictatorship of the proletariat.
considerable number of revolutionary work. will not be able to get hold of this move this regime is able to establish the soviet uprising of the peasants, the bourgeoisto ers hid themselves in the ntry from ment. The duty of the Communists is to shattered the peasant movement.
system and organize a Red Army which The the militarists. For the last decade a concentrate their forces in factories and spring and summer of 1927 were the will be the military expression of the dicconsiderable number of arms were scattered monthg of the greatest crimes of the Chinshops, in workers istricts. to explain to tatorship of the proletariat supported by all over the country. In conflicts with ese bourgeoisie.
the workers the meaning of what is going the poor peasants.
local administrators or military units, these on in the country, to raise the spirit of the Frightened by the consequences of its The Stalinists say that the demoarms are produced by the peasants and mistakes, the Stalinist faction tried at the tired and the discouraged, to form groups cratic dictatorship, as the next stage of the companies of Red Irregulars are organized.
end of 1927 to make up at once for what of them for the struggle to defend their In the armies of the bourgeois counterrevolution, will grow later into a proletarit had let slip up for a whole period of economic interests, and for slogans of the ian dictatorship. Such is at present the revolution, agitations often take place, and democratic and agrarian revolution. Only years. Thus was organized the insurrection teaching of the Comintern not only for at times, open revolte. Soldiers with their in this way, e. through the awakening China but for all countries of the East.
in Canton. The leaders assumed that the arms desert to the side of the peasants, revolution was still on the rise. In reality and the uniting of the workers will the It breaks completely with the teachings of sometimes in groups, sometimes in whole Communist Party be able to become a leadIt was already completely on the decline.
Marx concerning the state and with Lenin companies The heroism of the advanced workers could er of the peasant insurrection, which is conclusions as to the part the state plays not prevent the disaster caused by the ad The Peasant Uprisings to say, of the national revolution as a in revolution. The democratic dictatorwhole, venture of these leaders. The Canton inship, differs form the proletarian by being surrection was drowned in blood. The Hence it is quite natural that even To support the illusions of adventur a bourgeois democratic dictatorship. The after the defoat of the revolution, waves second Chinese revolution was completely ism and to disguise the weakness of the transition from a bourgeois dictatorship to demolished of the peasant movement continued to roll proletarian vanguard. the Stalinists say: the proletarian can not nevertheless be We, the representatives of the Interup to the various provinces of the country The matter in question is only democratic realized by the way of peaceful growing national Lett Opposition, the Bolshevikand at present have burst out with spe and not a proletarian dictatorship. In this into. The dictatorship of the proletariat Leninists, were from the very beginning cial force. With armed hands, the peasants central point adventurism is relying in can come into the place of a democracy, drive out and exterminate the local landagainst Joining the Kuo Min Tang and for full on the premises of opportunism. Not as well as of a fascist, dictatorship of the an independent proletarian policy. From the lords, as many as are to be found in their satisfied with their experiment with the bourgeoisie, only by way of armed insurvery beginning of the revolutionary rise we regions, and especially the socalled gentry Kuo Min Tang, the Stalinists are preparing rection and Tuchuns, the local representatives of demanded the organization of workers, for the future revolution a new means of The peaceful growing of a democrasoldiers and peasants soviets. We demandthe ruling class the bureaucrat propriet putting to sleep and enslaving the proletartic revolution into a socialist revolution is ed that the workers should stand at the ors, the usurers and the rich peasants. iat under the name of the democratic possible only under the dictatorship of one head the peasant insurrection and lead When the Stalinists talk about a Soviet dictatorsbip.
class namely, the proletariat. The tranthe revolu its end. Our government established by the peasants The Slogan of Soviets sition from democratic measures into socourse was rejected. Our supporters were over a considerable part of China, they cialist measures took place in the Soviet persecuted, expelled from the Comintern do not simply show their credulity and When the advanced Chinese workers Union under the regime og proletarian and those in the were arrested superficiality, but obscure and misrepresent promulgated the slogan of Soviets they dictatorship. In China, the transition will and exiled. In the name of what? In the the fundamental problem of the Chinese meant by it: We want to do what the happen much faster, as the most elementname of a union with Chiang Kai Shek.
revolution. peasantry, even the most Russian workers did. Only yesterday the ary democratic problems in China have a revolutionary, is not able to create an in Stalinists replied to them: No, you must still more anti capitalistic and anti bourThe Crushing of the Revolution dependent government. It can only support not, you have the Kuo Min Tang, and it will geois character than they had in Russia.
After the counter revolutionary coup the government of another class, dominating do what is necessary Today, the same The Stalinists evidently need one more Etat in Shanghai and Wuhan we, the Left in the cities. The peasantry in all decsisive leaklers answer more cautiously: You ll bankruptcy, paid by the workers blood, in Communists gave insistent warning that moments follow either the bourgeoisle or have to organize Sovietis not for order to make up their mind to say: Tbe the second Chinese revolution is over, that the proletariat. Socalled peasant parties proletarian but for a democratic dictator revolution has reached the highest stage, a period of temporary triumph of the coun.
can only disguise this fact, but they cannot ship. By this they tell the proletariat the slogan of which is the dictatorship of ter revolution had supervened, and that an annul it. Soviets are the organs of power that the dictatorship will not be in their the proletariat.
attempt at an insurrectdon of the advanced of a revolutionary class antagonistic to the hands. Then there is some other, as yet workers in face of the general depression bourgeoisie. This means that the peasant undiscovered force which will be able to Towards the Third Revolution and weariness of the masses, will inevitably ry is unable to organize a Soviet system by realize the revolutionary dictatorship in its own force.
bring a further criminal extermination of At the present moment, nobody can The same is true of an say how much a reflection from the second army. More than once the peasantry has the revolutionary forces. We demanded a Thus the formula of the democratic revolution is combined in the present peatransition to the defensive, the strengthening organized in China as well as in Russia dictatorship opens the gates for a new and other countries. guerrilla armies, which sant insurrection with the far off lightof the underground organization of the Party deception of the workers and peasants by ing of the third. Nobody can foretell fought with incomparable courage and obparticipation in the economic struggles of the bourgeoisie.
now whether the hearths of the peasant stinacy.
the proletariat and the mobilization of the But these were only guerrilla To clear the way for the democratic armies, attached to a local province and revolt will be able to keep a fire burning masses under the slogans of democracy; dictatorship. the Staliniste represent the continuously through all the long period not fit for centralized strategic operations the independence of China, the right of Chinese counter revolution as feudal mil of time which the proletarian vanguard will self determination of the different nationon a large scale. Only the dominance of itaristic and Imperialistic. In this way need to gather its own strength, bring the alities in the population, a national assem.
the proletariat in the decisive Industrial and they exclude from the counter revolution working class into the fight and coordinate political centers of the country creates the bly, confiscation of the land, eight hour the Chinese bourgeoisie, e. Idealize it. its struggle for power with the general working day. Such a policy would have necessary premise for the organization of as they did before. In reality, the militar offensive of the peasants against their most a the army, and given the Communist vanguard the possiof the ists express the interests of the Chinese immediate enemies.
bility to emerge gradually from ita defeat, Soviet system to the country. To those bourgeoisie, which are inseparable from What distinguishes this present moveto re establish connection with the trade who are not able to understand this, the the feudal interests and relationships. ment in the country is the eagerness of unions and with the unorganized masses revolution has remained a book closed with The Chinese bourgeoisie is toi hostile to the peasant to give it a soviet form, or at of city and country and be ready to meet seven seals.
the people, too closely tied up with the least a soviet name, and to make their own later in full arms the new revolutionary The Chinese proletariat is just beginforeign imperialists, too afraid of the revo guerrilla armies as much as possible like rise.
ning to come out from the paralysis of the lution, to be eager to rule in their own the Red Army. This shows how intengely The Stalinist faction denounced our counter revolution. The peasant movement name by parliamentary methods. The mil the peasants are seeking a political form policy as that of liquidators is moving at present, in a considerable itaristic fascist regime of China is an ex which might enable them to escape from itself, as has happened before in its his measure, independently of the workers pression of the anti national, anti revolu their scatteredness and impotenec. On this tory passing from opportunism to advenmovement, according to its own laws, and tionary character of the Chinese bourge foundation the Communists can build sucturism. In February 1928, when the Chinits own tempo. Meanwhile, the whole prob oisie. The Chinese counter revolution is cessfully.
ese revolution was at its extreme decline, lem of the Chinese revolution consists of not a counter revolution of feudal barons But it must be understood beforehand, the IX Plenum of the announced the political coordination and organization and slave owners against bourgeois society. that in the consciousness of the Chinese in China a course towards armed ineur al combination of the proletariat and pea It is the counter revolution of all property peasant the vague slogan of Sovjets does rection. The results of this madness was sant uprising. Those who talk about the holders and first of all bourgeois propri not by any means signify the dictatorship a further defeat of the workers, exterminvictory of the Soviet revolution in China, etors against the workers and peasants. of the proletariat. The peasants in general ation of the best revolutionaries, a split it even in separate provinces of the South The proletarian insurrection in China can not speak for the proletarian dictatorin the Party and demoralization in the only, in face of the passivity of the induscan and will come only as a direct and ship a priori. They can be lead to it only ranks of the workers.
trial North, ignore the dual problem of the immediate revolution against the bourge through the experience of a struggle which The decline of the revolution and the Chinese revolution, the problem of coop olsie. The peasants revolt in China is will prove to them in reality, that their temporary weakening of the fight between eration of workers and peasants and the much more than it was in Russia, a revolt democratic problems can not be solved any the militarists, made possible a certain ecoproblem leadership of the workers in against the bourgeoisie. class of land other way except through the dictatorship nomic revival in the country. Strikes began this cooperation.
lords as a separate class does not exist of the proletariat.
over again. But they were conducted in The vast flood of the peasant revolt in China. The landowners are bourgeoisie. Such is the fundamental reason why dependently of the Party, which, not under might undoubtedly serve as an impetus to The gentry and Tuchuns, against whom the the Communist Party of China can not lead standing the situation, was absolutely un a revival of political struggle in the in peasant movement is immediately directed, the proletariat to the struggle for power, able to show the masses the new perspec dustrial centers. We firmly count upon it, represent the lowest links of the bourgeoi except under the slogans of democracy.
tives and unite them under the democratic But this would not mean in any case, that sie, as well as of imperialist exploitation. The peasant movement, although slogans of the transitory period. As a the revolutionary awakening the prole In Russia, the October revolution at its adorned with the name of Soviets, remains result of mistakes, opportunism and ad tariat would lead immediately to the con first stage opposed all the peasantry as a disintegrated, local, provincial. To lifu it venturism, the Communist Party at present quest of power or even to the struggle for class to the class of the landlords, and only (Continued on Page 8)
China.
while