THE COMMUNIST Bise The President of the Russian Soviet Republic 30, 1919.
government to ICHAIL IVANOVITCH KALININ, of the Central Committee of the Russian who died recently, was unanimously communist party made a few brief reencourage small industry, handicraft, etc. the event of our defeat the landlords and lected chairman of the All Russian Central marks referring to the immediatc aims of among the peasants.
the bourgeoisie will suck our blood and Executive Committee of the soviets in place would like to say a few words about the blood of those who come after us. of the late Comrade Sverdloff at the meet. the Petrograd proletariat. Nobody has sufurge you all not to be discouraged and to ing of the executive committee on March In the first place, said Comrade Kalin tered so much for the revolution, nobody devote all your free time to studies in orin, it is necessary to induce the middle nas invested in the cause so much energy der to acquire knowledge and impart your class peasantry to take part in the revoluM. Kalinin was born on November 7, and patience, as the Petrograd workmen.
knowledge to your family and to your feltionary struggle with the same intensity 1875, in the village of Verkhney Troitzky, as the proletariat does. It is essential that And, undoubtedly, they have the right to will enable you to take demand our particular attention. The an active part in the administrative work Tver government, Kortchevsk, Yarossoviet should lavsky district, o fa peasant family. He dear to the village. As chairman of the become near and Petrograd workmen were starving. Only and to dismiss all bureaucrats among whom lived with his parents till the age of thirteen there are many of our disguised enemies.
a short time ago Petrograd suffered from Central Exeçutive Committee, consider hunger more than Moscow. At present, the and from his early childhood helped his bringing the soviet government into closer The aim of the soviet government father abolish bureaucracy, to place the adminin the work on the farm. From contact with the village my principal and food question in Petrograd, if not better, childhood he had a great yearning for fundamental task.
is at least not worse than in Moscow. It istrative work into the hands of workmen is necessary to improve the food conditions and peasants: today to plough your field knowledge. He taught himself to read and or It is necessary for us to offer resistance of Petrograd for the reason, repeat, that work at the bench and tomorrow to mandevoted all his leisure time to reading.
to the robbers pressing us from all sides.
the Petrograd workmen fully deserve all When he turned thirteen one of the age a district, government or state, and on Can we offer resistance? Of course we can the attention we can devote to them. Petrothe next day to return to your plough or neigboring landlords, Mordukhai Bolkhovbench.
if we are strong, then the unity between grad workmen will yet again give evidence sky, sent him to the zemstvo elementary the proletariat and the peasantry will ren Comrades, we are passing through school at his own expense, for his father der it firm and lasting.
On April 26, last year, Comrade Kalinin hard time, but at the same time a heroic being comparatively poor, could not afford began his All Russian tour. special time Those who have lived quietly durto pay for his son education. At school consider my election as chairman of train was constructed in Moscow which is he was regarded as one of the best pupils.
the Central Executive Committee symbolicalled The October revolution, the route ing this time will not be remembered by On finishing his schooling he went to work cal. am at the same time a workman and Novokhopersk, Balashov, Penza, Riazan, comprises: Orel, Kursk, Woronege, Lysky, posterity. People will forever remember our time, our deeds. Centuries will roll on on Morkdukhai estate, but the life there a peasant. personify the union between Jitemir, Kieff, Elisavetgrad, Odessa, Kherand our children children will narrate did not satisfy the inclinations of the young town and village. Even now am manout heroic struggle, how we could sacrison and the Crimean peninsula. Apart from man and his mistress placed him at the aging a farm as much as my duties will fice our lives on the altar of freedom, for Cartridge works in Petrograd as an appermit me, and will continue to do so.
the principal aim this tour, that is to the welfare of the people. In their songs prentice. He remained at the works for I stand between the poor and the middlecome into closer contact with the village they will sing about us, glorifying our years and then, when he reached the age class peasant, my farm is not large, but to draw nearer to the province, to know struggle.
Individuals Kalinin, Petroff, what it requires, it has an educational pur Ivanoff will be forgotten, but they will reof 16, he went to work as a turner at the in good order. know rural life as well Putilov works.
and the psychology of the peasant is quite pose as well. There is a book store in the member us all with awe and pride.
familiar to me.
In 1898 Kalinin joined the social deI know that every peas exhibition, etc. wherever Comrade Kalinin train, moving cinema, theatre, museum and Actors, travelling in this train, gave theant must love the soviet government. Bemoratic party and from that time his trials atrical performances, cinema pictures were cause am a peasant take a part in the comes he speaks with the peasants and shown, books were distributed. newsbegan.
revolutionary movement and serve the workmen, takes interest in their business, In 1899 he was arrested and exiled to the paper, edited in the train, which contains listens to all their complaints, etc.
soviet government. From the standpoint Caucausus where he worked in the railway the latest telegrams of the Russian teleof his economic interests, the middle class His speeches are the simple speeches of graph agency. This paper gives different workshops. Here he was twice arrested.
peasant must support the soviet governthe peasants. Here an extract fro his informatio to the peasants and carries on It is interesting to note that when Com.
ment.
Misunderstandings may arise be speech which he delivered at a crowded propaganda.
Kalinin was exiled to the Caucausus he was tween the soviet government and the mid meeting held by red army soldiers and The workmen and peasants met the prespermitted to pass through his village and dlc class peasantry, but hostility never. We peasants in the government of Simbirsk: ident of the Russian republic with great when he appeared there everybody was must protect the middle class peasant from The red army is performing a noble enthusiasm. Many enthusiastic letters and surprised to see him alive, for a rumor had every kind of oppression, misunderstand task and it faces great difficulties. Our telegrams connected with the arrival o: spread in the village that he was placed into ings, red tapeism and bureaucratism; to enemies possess science, technique and for Comrade Kalinin, The All Russian Elder the Petropavlovsky fortress as a dangerous assist the economic development of the eign gold, and still we beat them. We beat as he is called by the peasants, were sent political worker, and there literally ground village and in no case to destroy, but to them because our army is conscious that in from the provinces to the centre.
to pieces in a mill.
As the work of Com. Kalinin seemed too dangerous to the authorities in the Caucausus, they had him transferred to THE WINITSKY TRIAL compelled to raise objection to the judge Reval, but still as an exile, and here he apparent bias.
Between the judge and continued his fruitful work amongst the HE first trial in the State of New York reached. Only Jay Lovestone was finally Rorkethe prosecutor a witness neck got Esthonian workmen.
for the crime of belonging to the Com called to the stand, and after his claim of plenty of exercise. Questions to right In 1908 the authorities in Reval again of him, questions to left of him, volleyed munist Party began before Judge Bartow constitutional right not to incriminate himarrested Comrade Kalinin and decided to and thundered! quoted Fallon to the judge, Weeks on March 15. This is the Su self, was met by satisfactory assurance of exile him to Eastern Siberia. While on the as he objected for the twentieth time inpreme Court judge who recently gave Ben complete immunity both in New York and road the Japanese war broke out; as a jamin Gitlow a maximum sentence under in the Chicago case, Lovestone was grilled dignantly, if with studied respectíulness.
for several hours by the prosecution. Then This time Lovestone was the victim. Beconsequence he was brought back and sent the Criminal Anarchy Law for the crime he was questioned by the attorney for the tween the judge bench and the prosecutor to the government of Olonetzk, where he of publishing The Left Wing Manifesto.
came back under an amnesty and was re Harry Winitsky, the defendant, was defense on the meaning of the party declar table, his head seemed to be in perpetual leased.
motion.
executive secretary of Local New York of ations of principles.
the Communist Party. Like Walter Gab At one point in the trial, when the DeFrom 1906 to 1908 Comrade Kalinin After Fallon and Rorke plea to the worked at the Central Union of Metalists rial, formerly secretary of the New Jersey partment of Justice stenographer, who at Jury, the judge took great pains to disand was a distinguished worker of the State organization, and now an inmate of tended the Chicago Convention, was on the abuse the minds of twelve honest men of Petrograd bolshevik organization.
the State Prison at Trenton, Winitsky had stand, Judge Weeks took occasion to sug any notion that might have lodged there gest in an elaborate speech, that the record that he was in any way biased or prejuLater on, after the death of his father, nothing whatever to do with the formulaComrade Kalinin temporarily ceased his tion o fthe Communist Party program or of the convention would probably reveal diced against the defendant. The judge in political work and retired to the village constitution.
that there were meanings in the Manifesto charging the jury, placed an interesting and Program which were concealed in the construction on the law. The only legal where for two years he managed his farm.
The case of the prosecution is that the Communist Party is in its nature a criminal actual published forms. Upon cross exIn 1912 Comrade Kalinin went to work means provided for overthrow of the govamination of this witness all this insinua ernment, he said, is the ballot. Ergo, at the Central Tramway Electric station, organization and that anyone who has anytion was swept aside by the positive anthe advocacy of any means other than the but shortly after was again arrested and thing to do with it is thercb ya criminal.
swers that there was not a single word at ballot is illegal. The clause in the Crimiexiled from Moscow and was deprived of From this viewpoint, apparently accepted the right to reside in industrial centers.
nal Anarchy Law refers to force and vioby the trial judge, every document which any time during the convention about conccaling any meanings.
lence, or any illegal means. Under Judge He returned to the village and again purports to be a party publication, is adAs in the Gitlow trial witnesses were Weeks ruling then, any member of an ortook up his farming, but the satraps gave mitted in evidence, regardless of any conbrought from Winnipeg to tell at great ganization advocating overthrow of governhim no rest and he was arrested again. nection with the defendant. Even the proIn 1915 we find him working at the ceedings ofthe Chicago Convention have length about the Winnipeg general strike, ment by a general political strike, or by been admitted, although Winitsky was a since the Manifesto made an allusion to Ivar works. On January 7, 1916, he was prayer and fasting, or mental suggestion, again arrested and put into prison where thousand miles away from that convention the general strike as a working class tactic or any method not the ballot, is criminal hese under the law.
he was kept for a year and then sentenced and although these proceedings were never of great political significance. One of these to be exiled to Siberia. That, however, considered of sufficient general interest to witnesses was the delegate of the police An interesting disclosure in this case man union on the General Strike Com was the fact that between the time of the could not be carried out, for Comrade publish so that he could read them.
An interesting angle of this trial is the mittee. He had turned traitor because he Kaļinin lived in Petrograd illegally and by Gitlow and Winitsky cases, a matter of believed in collective bargaining only by few weeks, an amendment to the Criminal that time the February revolution took place calling by the prosecution of five or six and he was set free.
Anarchy Law was hustled through the legisCommunists as witnesses, presumably on the workers organized in a single shop. In spite of the animus of these witnesses it lature which provided against the He has a a wife and three children and a the theory that the usual method of auold the only legal excuse a witness had for mother who lives in the vilthenticating the party documents by use of did not appear that the strikers were redetectives might not prove sufficient. How sponsible for the least violence in the Winlage where she manages the farm. Comrefusing to testify self incrimination, Rose nipeg strike, the few disturbances being Pastor Stokes, in the gase of Gitlow, rerade Kalinin from time to time visited the ever, under the broad rulings of village and took an active part in the conWecks, and by his own persistent activity provoked by the scab police. Even these fused on this legal ground to answer cerin behalf of the prosecution, all these docdisturbances, however, did not amount to Struction of rural life. Soon after his tain questions asked by the prosecutor and pressed by the judge, and the court had election Kalinin in an interview with uments were accepted in evidence before much.
Attorney for the defense was frequently to concede her right to refuse. This was correspondent of the Pravda an organ any of the Communist witnesses were of 60 year Justice